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  • ASTM D6913/D6913M-17

ASTM D6913/D6913M-17

Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis

ASTM International , 04/15/2017

Publisher: ASTM

File Format: PDF

$41.00$82.00


Standard By:ASTM International , 04/15/2017
Published:04/15/2017
Pages:34
File Size:1 file , 1.7 MB
Language:English
Note:This product is unavailable in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
1.1Soils consist of particles with various shapes and sizes. This test method is used to separate particles into size ranges and to determine quantitatively the mass of particles in each range. These data are combined to determine the particle-size distribution (gradation). This test method uses a square opening sieve criterion in determining the gradation of soil between the 3-in. (75-mm) and No. 200 (75-µm) sieves.
1.2The terms, soils and material, are used interchangeably throughout the standard.
1.3In cases where the gradation of particles larger than 3 in. (75 mm) sieve is needed, Test Method D5519 may be used.
1.4In cases where the gradation of particles smaller than No. 200 (75-µm) sieve is needed, Test Method D7928 may be used.
1.5Typically, if the maximum particle size is equal to or less than 4.75 mm (No. 4 sieve), then single-set sieving is applicable. Furthermore, if the maximum particle size is greater than 4.75 mm (No. 4 sieve) and equal to or less than 9.5 mm (³/8-in sieve), then either single-set sieving or composite sieving is applicable. Finally, if the maximum particle size is equal to or greater than 19.0 mm (³/4-in sieve), composite sieving is applicable. For special conditions see 10.3.
1.6Two test methods are provided in this standard. The methods differ in the significant digits recorded and the size of the specimen (mass) required. The method to be used may be specified by the requesting authority; otherwise Method A shall be performed.
1.6.1Method A-The percentage (by mass) passing each sieve size is recorded to the nearest 1 %. This method must be used when performing composite sieving. For cases of disputes, Method A is the referee method.
1.6.2Method B-The percentage (by mass) passing each sieve size is recorded to the nearest 0.1 %. This method is only applicable for single sieve-set sieving and when the maximum particle size is equal to or less than the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
1.7This test method does not cover, in any detail, procurement of the sample. It is assumed that the sample is obtained using appropriate methods and is representative.
1.8Sample Processing-Three procedures (moist, air dry, and oven dry) are provided to process the sample to obtain a specimen. The procedure selected will depend on the type of sample, the maximum particle-size in the sample, the range of particle sizes, the initial conditions of the material, the plasticity of the material, the efficiency, and the need for other testing on the sample. The procedure may be specified by the requesting authority; otherwise the guidance given in Section 10 shall be followed.
1.9This test method typically requires two or three days to complete, depending on the type and size of the sample and soil type.
1.10This test method is not applicable for the following soils:
1.10.1Soils containing fibrous peat that will change in particle size during the drying, washing, or sieving procedure.
1.10.2Soils containing extraneous matter, such as organic solvents, oil, asphalt, wood fragments, or similar items. Such extraneous matter can affect the washing and sieving procedures.
1.10.3Materials that contain cementitious components, such as cement, fly ash, lime, or other stabilization admixtures.
1.11This test method may not produce consistent test results within and between laboratories for the following soils and the precision statement does not apply to them.
1.11.1Friable soils in which the sieving processes change the gradation of the soil. Typical examples of these soils are some residual soils, most weathered shales and some weakly cemented soils such as hardpan, caliche or coquina.
1.11.2Soils that will not readily disperse such as glauconitic clays or some dried plastic clays.
1.11.3To test these soils, this test method must be adapted, or altered, and these alterations documented. Depending on the design considerations, a specialized gradation-testing program could be performed. The alterations could require the washing and sieving procedures to be standardized such that each specimen would be processed in a similar manner.
1.12Some materials that are not soils, but are made up of particles may be tested using this method. However, the applicable sections above should be used in applying this standard.
1.13All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.13.1The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.14Units-The dimensional values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, such as 200-mm or 8-in. diameter sieve. Except, the sieve designations are typically identified using the "alternative" system in accordance with Practice E11, such as 3 in. and No. 200, instead of the "standard" system of 75 mm and 75 µm, respectively. Only the SI units are used for mass determinations, calculations, and reported results. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.15A summary of the symbols used in this test method is given in Annex A1.
1.16This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.17Table of Contents-All tables and figures appear at the end of this standard.
Section Scope 1  Method A 1.6.1  Method B 1.6.2  Sample Processing 1.8  Units 1.14 Referenced Documents 2  ASTM Standards 2.1 Terminology 3  General 3.1  Definitions 3.2  Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3.3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6  Sieves 6.1   Standard Sieve Set 6.1.1   Washing Sieve, No. 200 (75-μm) 6.1.2   Designated Separating Sieve 6.1.3  Washing Sink with Spray Nozzle 6.2  Mechanical Sieve Shaker 6.3  Balances 6.4  Drying Oven 6.5  Sieving Containers 6.6   Specimen Containers 6.6.1   Collection/Transfer Device 6.6.2   Cumulative Mass Container 6.6.3  Sieve Brushes 6.7  Miscellaneous Items 6.8  Splitter or Riffle Box (optional) 6.9  Quartering Accessories (optional) 6.10  Mortar and Rubber-Covered Pestle (optional) 6.11  Low Temperature Drying Oven (optional) 6.12  Ultrasonic Water Bath (optional) 6.13  Dispersion Shaker (optional) 6.14 Reagents 7  Sodium Hexametaphosphate 7.1   Dry Addition 7.1.1.1   Solution 7.1.1.2 Preparation of Apparatus 8  Verification of Sieves 8.1   Verification Interval 8.1.1  Verification of Mechanical Sieve Shaker and  Standard Shaking Period 8.2   Large Mechanical Sieve Shaker 8.2.1   Verification Interval 8.2.2   Hand Sieve Shaking Procedure 8.2.3 Sampling 9  General 9.1  Sample Sources 9.2   Bulk Samples 9.2.1   Jar and Small Bag Samples 9.2.2   Intact Tube Samples 9.2.3   Samples from Prior Testing 9.2.4 Specimen 10  General 10.1  Minimum Mass Requirement 10.2  Selection of Sieving Procedure 10.3   Single Sieve-Set Sieving 10.3.1   Composite Sieving 10.3.2  Specimen Procurement 10.4   Moist Procedure 10.4.1   Air-Dried Procedure 10.4.2   Oven-Dried Procedure 10.4.3   Discussion on Segregating Soils 10.4.4  Specimen Procurement and Processing Requirements 10.5   Moist Procedure, Single Sieve-Set Sieving 10.5.1   Moist Procedure, Composite Sieving 10.5.2    Coarse Portion Acceptable Loss (CPL) 10.5.2.3   Air-Dried Procedure, General 10.5.3   Air-Dried Procedure, Single Sieve-Set Sieving 10.5.4   Air-Dried Procedure, Composite Sieving 10.5.5   Oven-Dried Procedure, General 10.5.6   Oven-Dried Procedure, Single Sieve-Set Sieving 10.5.7   Oven-Dried Procedure, Composite Sieving 10.5.8 Procedure (Sieving) 11  General 11.1  Mass Measurements 11.2  Sieve Overloading 11.3  Single Sieve-Set Sieving 11.4   Specimen Mass 11.4.1   Specimen Dispersion 11.4.2    Soaking without a Dispersant 11.4.2.1    Soaking with a Dispersant 11.4.2.2    Using an Ultrasonic Water Bath 11.4.2.3   Washing Specimen 11.4.3    General Precautions 11.4.3.1    Transfer Specimen 11.4.3.2    Washing 11.4.3.3    Transfer Washed Specimen 11.4.3.4   Dry Sieving 11.4.4    Sieve Set 11.4.4.1    Mechanical Shaking 11.4.4.2   Cumulative Material/Mass Retained 11.4.5    First Sieve 11.4.5.1    Remaining Sieves 11.4.5.2  Composite Sieving, Single Separation 11.5   Coarser Portion 11.5.1    Dispersing and Washing 11.5.1.1    Dry Sieving Coarser Portion 11.5.1.3   Subspecimen from Finer Portion 11.5.2    Dispersing and Washing Subspecimen 11.5.2.1    Dry Sieving Subspecimen 11.5.2.2  Composite Sieving, Double Separation 11.6   Separating 1st Subspecimen 11.6.1   Dispersing and Washing 2nd Coarser Portion 11.6.2   Dry Sieving 2nd Coarser Portion 11.6.3   2nd Subspecimen 11.6.4    Dispersing and Washing 2nd Subspecimen 11.6.4.1    Dry Sieving 2nd Subspecimen 11.6.4.2 Calculations 12  General 12.1  Sieve Overloading 12.2  Single Sieve-Set Sieving, Percent Passing 12.3  Composite Sieving, Mass of Specimen 12.4  Composite Sieving, Single Separation 12.5   Composite Sieving, Coarser Portion (CP) 12.5.1    CP, Percent Passing 12.5.1.1    CP, Composite Sieving Correction     Factor (CSCF) 12.5.1.2    CP, Acceptable Loss During Washing     and Sieving 12.5.1.3    Composite Sieving, Subspecimen (finer     portion) 12.5.2    Percent Passing, Specimen (combined     coarser and finer portions) 12.5.2.1    Subspecimen, Acceptable Fractional     Percent Retained 12.5.2.2    Percent Passing, Acceptance Criterion 12.5.2.3    Finer Portion, Percent Passing (optional) 12.5.3  Composite Sieving, Double Separation 12.6   1st Coarser Portion 12.6.1   1st Subspecimen 12.6.2    Percent Passing, 2nd Coarser Portion 12.6.2.1    2nd Coarser Portion, Composite Sieving     Correction Factor (2ndCSCF) 12.6.2.2    2nd Coarser Portion, Acceptable Loss on     Sieving and Washing 12.6.2.3    2nd Coarser Portion, Acceptable Fractional     Percent Retained 12.6.2.4    Percent Passing, Acceptance Criterion 12.6.2.5   2nd Subspecimen 12.6.3    Percent Passing, 2nd Subspecimen 12.6.3.1    2nd Subspecimen, Acceptable Fractional      Percent Retained 12.6.3.2    Percent Passing, Acceptance Criterion 12.6.3.3   1st Finer Portion, Percent Passing (optional) 12.6.4    2nd Finer Portion, Composite Sieving     Correction Factor (optional) 12.6.4.1    2nd Finer Portion, Percent Passing for     2nd Subspecimen (optional) 12.6.4.2 Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s) 13 Precision and Bias 14  Precision 14.1   Precision Data Analysis 14.1.1   Calculation of Precision 14.1.2...

Product Details

Published:
04/15/2017
Number of Pages:
34
File Size:
1 file , 1.7 MB
Redline File Size:
2 files , 3.7 MB
Note:
This product is unavailable in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus

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