AWWA ACE70632

This powerpoint presentation begins by providing a brief overview of the requirement for public water systems (PWS) to balance competing regulatory water quality requirements, and also to meet secondary water quality goals. Utilities and primacy agencies need to anticipate softening interactions/challenges. A brief overview of hardness is presented, along with problems caused by hard water, softening technologies, water quality impacts of softening, simultaneous compliance interactions, and softening practices have a profound impact on simultaneous compliance challenges. An example of straight lime softening at Bay City, Michigan, is presented, along with new disinfectant combinations each have the unique potential for simultaneous compliance challenges. Includes 6 references, tables, figures.