AWWA MTC64613

This slide presentation outlines different methods to improve energy efficiency of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) that include: modifications to RO system design; improvements in membrane elements; and, other considerations such as Flux, Fouling, or Pumps. Topics covered include: energy component of SWRO water cost; Reverse Osmosis Principle; osmotic pressure; Salinity of various water bodies; effect of recovery; RO membrane; Using brackish and seawater elements; NF-NF system - Long Beach Method; SW-SW system; Comparison of various RO system configurations with respect to energy consumption, and feed and brine flows; and energy recovery. Includes tables, figures.