AWWA WQTC62497

The purpose of this slide presentation was to present factors affecting/resulting in low chlorine residuals including chloramines, water age, pipe material / condition, and nitrification. This presentation also presents two case studies where: low chlorine residuals were a problem; extended period simulation (EPS) modeling is used to evaluate water age; and, spatial analysis (GIS) is used to evaluate low chlorine residual relative to pipe material. Parameters used to assess water quality included: water age; source trace; pipe material and condition; and, system operation.