AWWA WQTC64056

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fouling on the performance of ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes during water reuse applications. The study was funded by the Awwa Research Foundation (#3012) and the West Basin Municipal Water District. The materials and methods discussion includes: candidate membranes; bench-scale membrane tests; two-stage membrane testing units; TOC and nutrient analysis; trace organic analysis; performance parameters: flux, fouling and adjusted specific flux; pilot scale membrane unit; and, analytical methods used for membrane characterization. Includes 21 references, tables, figures.