AWWA WQTC71556

Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are widely found in the water environment. In this study, a total of 19 PFC compounds were monitored in surface waters collected from different locations in the highly urbanized Marina Catchment of Singapore. Analysis results showed concentrations of PFCs ranging from sub ng/L to tens ng/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were observed to be the dominant species among the PFCs. Compounds regularly detected were perfluoroalkanoic acids (C7 to C12) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (C6 and C8). In particular, intermediate PFCs such as perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), 2-(N-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido) acetic acid (NMeFOSAA), and 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido) acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA) were measured from undetectable levels to 10 ng/L. In general, the concentrations of PFCs fluctuated with varying conditions of weather and water regime. Includes references, figures.