AWWA WQTC71557

In Tokyo, pharmaceuticals and E. coli were measured from a total of 50 groundwater samples obtained from different depths and aquifers to evaluate the spatial distribution of pollution by sewage using pharmaceuticals as markers. Two pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine and crotamiton, were compared in terms of detectability and persistence. The utility of pharmaceuticals as a precautionary indicator of E. coli contamination was also investigated. Furthermore, the sewer exfiltration was quantified using pharmaceuticals as sewage markers. The study measured six pharmaceuticals containing the amide group: diethyltoluamide, crotamiton, ethenzamide, propyphenazone, carbamazepine, and caffeine. Includes 14 references, figures.