AWWA WQTC60796

High-pressure membrane treatment such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) after microfiltration (MF) pretreatment has become the industry standard for indirect potable reuse applications. The growing interest in this technology is primarily driven by more stringent requirements to remove unidentified and unregulated organic compounds. The fate of organic micropollutants such as pesticides, disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and pharmaceutical residues, however, is becoming an important concern during membrane applications leading to potable water reuse. This study identifies the factors affecting membrane-solute interactions and develops a fundamental understanding to predict the rejection of trace organics in high-pressure membrane applications to examine solute-membrane interactions and rejection mechanisms for emerging organic trace pollutants in NF and RO membranes. This study reports on findings from bench- and pilot-scale experiments with verifications at full-scale membrane facilities. Includes 12 references, tables, figures.